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Table 4 Contraceptive Methods: Typically Used, Preferred, and Preferred if Freely Provided

From: Pregnant or recently pregnant opioid users: contraception decisions, perceptions and preferences

 

Lifetime Use n (%)

Preferred Methoda n (%)

Preferred Method if Freely Provideda n

Contraceptive Methodb

(a42)

(n = 35)

(%) (n = 37)

None

    
 

None

1 (2.4%)

–

1 (2.7%)

Tier 1 (Very Effective)

   
 

IUD

5 (11.9%)

6 (17.1%)

6 (16.2%)

 

Implant

2 (4.8%)

1 (2.9%)

7 (18.9%)

 

Tubal Ligation

–

1 (2.9%)

1 (2.7%)

Tier 2 (Effective)

   
 

Oral Contraception

25 (59.5%)

5 (14.3%)

6 (16.2%)

 

Nuvaring

3 (7.1%)

–

1 (2.7%)

 

Injection

17 (40.5%)

14 (40.0%)

15 (40.5%)

 

Hormonal Patch

5 (11.9%)

–

–

Tier 3 (Moderately Effective)

   
 

Male Condom

29 (69.0%)

1 (2.9%)

1 (2.7%)

 

Diaphragm

1 (2.4%)

  

Tier 4 Less Effective

   
 

Spermicide

2 (4.8%)

1 (2.9%)

–

Other

   
 

Unsure

–

–

2 (4.5%)

 

Plan B

5 (11.9%)

1 (2.9%)

–

Missing

 

–

7 (20.0%)

4 (11.0%)

  1. aPercentages may total greater than 100% as some participants provided more than preferred or preferred if freely available contraception method
  2. bTier rating based on World Health Organization’s (WHO) four-tiered rating of contraceptive effectiveness