Table 3 Mixed effects results on individual and contextual factors associated with modern contraceptive use among adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa
| Variables |
Model 0 aOR[95%CI] |
Model 1 aOR[95%CI] |
Model 2 aOR[95%CI] |
Model 3 aOR[95%CI] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| 15–19 | 0.82*** (0.79–0.86) | 0.86*** (0.83–0.90) | ||
| 20–24 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Marital status | ||||
| Not married | 1 | 1 | ||
| Married | 0.80*** (0.76–0.83) | 0.83*** (0.79–0.87) | ||
| Cohabiting | 0.68*** (0.65–0.72) | 0.69*** (0.66–0.73) | ||
| Widowed/separated/divorced | 0.78*** (0.72–0.84) | 0.77*** (0.72–0.83) | ||
| Religion | ||||
| Christianity | 1 | 1 | ||
| Islam | 0.58*** (0.55–0.60) | 0.59*** (0.57–0.62) | ||
| Other | 0.69*** (0.63–0.75) | 0.68*** (0.62–0.74) | ||
| Employment status | ||||
| Not working | 1 | 1 | ||
| Working | 0.89*** (0.86–0.92) | 0.92*** (0.89–0.95) | ||
| Age at first sex | ||||
| Less than 15 years | 0.99 (0.91–1.06) | 1.03 (0.95–1.11) | ||
| 15–19 years | 1.18*** (1.11–1.26) | 1.20*** (1.12–1.28) | ||
| 20–24 years | 1 | 1 | ||
| Parity | ||||
| Zero birth | 0.48*** (0.45–0.50) | 0.44*** (0.42–0.47) | ||
| One birth | 0.78*** (0.75–0.82) | 0.76*** (0.72–0.80) | ||
| Two births | 1 | 1 | ||
| Three births | 0.92* (0.85–0.98) | 0.94 (0.87–1.01) | ||
| Four or more births | 0.85** (0.75–0.96) | 0.88 (0.77–1.00) | ||
| Frequency of reading newspaper/magazine | ||||
| Not at all | 0.65*** (0.61–1.82) | 0.67*** (0.63–0.71) | ||
| Less than once a week | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.98 (0.91–1.04) | ||
| At least once a week | 1 | 1 | ||
| Frequency of listening to radio | ||||
| Not at all | 0.80*** (0.77–0.83) | 0.82*** (0.78–0.86) | ||
| Less than once a week | 1.00 (0.95–1.04) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | ||
| At least once a week | 1 | 1 | ||
| Frequency of watching television | ||||
| Not at all | 0.85*** (0.81–0.88) | 0.97 (0.93–1.01) | ||
| Less than once a week | 0.92** (0.88.0.97) | 1.00 (0.95–1.06) | ||
| At least once a week | 1 | 1 | ||
| Desire for more children | ||||
| Have another | 1.10** (1.03–1.17) | 1.08* (1.01–1.15) | ||
| Undecided | 0.70*** (0.63–0.77) | 0.72*** (0.65–0.80) | ||
| No more | 1 | 1 | ||
| Ideal number of children | ||||
| 0–3 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4–5 | 0.73*** (0.70–0.75) | 0.78*** (0.75–0.81) | ||
| 6+ | 0.31*** (0.29–0.32) | 0.38*** (0.35–0.40) | ||
| Place of Residence | ||||
| Urban | 1 | 1 | ||
| Rural | 0.83*** (0.79–0.86) | 0.89*** (0.85–0.93) | ||
| Community literacy level | ||||
| Low | 0.63*** (0.60–0.66) | 0.73*** (0.70–0.77) | ||
| Moderate | 0.98 (0.94–1.02) | 0.95* (0.92–0.99) | ||
| High | 1 | 1 | ||
| Community socio-economic status | ||||
| Low | 0.66*** (0.63–0.70) | 0.69*** (0.65–0.73) | ||
| Moderate | 1 | 1 | ||
| High | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | 0.90*** (0.84–0.95) | ||
| Community knowledge of modern method | ||||
| Low | 1 | 1 | ||
| Moderate | 0.43*** (0.40–0.44) | 0.53*** (0.51–0.56) | ||
| High | 0.24*** (0.19–0.29) | 0.33*** (0.27–0.41) | ||
| Random effect result | ||||
| PSU variance (95% CI) | 0.03 (0.02–0.04) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 0.03 (0.01–0.04) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) |
| ICC | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| LR Test | χ2 = 91.46, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 47.41, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 68.69, p < 0.001 | χ2 = 45.92, p < 0.001 |
| Wald chi-square | Reference | 6019.62*** | 3323.50*** | 7015.95*** |
| Model fitness | ||||
| Log-likelihood | −49,667.17 | −46,122.51 | −47,848.36 | −45,426.69 |
| AIC | 99,338.16 | 92,295.02 | 95,714.72 | 90,917.38 |
| N | 91,083 | 91,083 | 91,083 | 91,083 |