Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios showing the likelihood of contraceptive use and intention to use among women (15–49 years) in Malawi
Variable | Contraceptive use | Intention to use contraceptives | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted Model | Adjusted Model | Unadjusted Model | Adjusted model | |||||
OR | 95% C.I. | OR | 95% C.I. | OR | 95% C.I. | OR | 95% C.I. | |
Age | ||||||||
15–19 | 0.05*** | 0.04–0.06 | 0.13*** | 0.10–0.16 | 15.54*** | 12 .88–18.76 | 15.18*** | 5.94–38.77 |
20–24 | 0.23*** | 0.19–0.28 | 0.24*** | 0.19–0.31 | 25.71*** | 20.98–31.50 | 16.77*** | 7.46–37.71 |
25–29 | 0.39*** | 0.32–0.47 | 0.37*** | 0.29–0.46 | 17.06*** | 13.83–21.04 | 6.75*** | 3.16–14.45 |
30–34 | 0.45*** | 0.37–0.54 | 0.40*** | 0.32–0.51 | 11.55*** | 9.39–14.21 | 7.76*** | 3.61–16.65 |
35–39 | 0.58*** | 0.47–0.70 | 0.55*** | 0.43–0.70 | 7.01*** | 5.68–8.64 | 5.05*** | 2.29–11.12 |
40–44 | 0.73*** | 0.59–0.91 | 0.73*** | 0.56–0.94 | 2.67*** | 2.15–3.34 | 2.04 | 0.89–4.65 |
45–49 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Ethnicity | ||||||||
Chewa | 1.11 | 0.92–1.36 | 1.16 | 0.86–1.56 | 1.64*** | 1.29–2.08 | 0.97 | 0.20–4.15 |
Tumbuka | 1.17 | 0.95–1.44 | 1.09 | 0.80–1.48 | 0.96 | 0.75–1.23 | 0.48 | 0.12–2.02 |
Lomwe | 1.18 | 0.96–1.44 | 1.25 | 0.92–1.69 | 1.57*** | 1.23–2.00 | 0.83 | 0.18–3.87 |
Tonga | 0.80 | 0.63–1.01 | 0.60*** | 0.43–0.84 | 1.09 | 0.82–1.44 | 0.46 | 0.10–2.10 |
Yao | 0.83 | 0.68–1.03 | 1.01 | 0.73–1.40 | 1.09 | 0.85–1.40 | 0.43 | 0.08–2.18 |
Sena | 0.98 | 0.78–1.23 | 0.87 | 0.63–1.21 | 1.29 | 0.98–1.71 | 0.65 | 0.11–3.84 |
Nkhonde | 1.06 | 0.78–1.43 | 0.92 | 0.60–1.40 | 1.29 | 0.88–1.90 | 1.29 | 0.20–8.44 |
Ngoni | 1.08 | 0.88–1.33 | 1.12 | 0.83–1.52 | 1.35*** | 1.05–1.74 | 0.80 | 0.17–3.67 |
Mang’anja | 1.40*** | 1.07–1.83 | 1.43 | 0.97–2.10 | 1.12 | 0.88–1.56 | 0.52 | 0.06–4.61 |
Nyanja | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Religion | ||||||||
Christian | 0.91 | 0.59–1.39 | 1.07 | 0.62–1.86 | 1.56 | 0.94–2.60 | 1.02 | 0.61–1.82 |
Moslem | 0.67 | 0.43–1.03 | 0.72 | 0.41–1.26 | 1.27 | 0.75–2.12 | 0.71 | 0.51–1.23 |
Non-religious | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Highest education level | ||||||||
No education | 2.01*** | 1.66–2.43 | 1.27 | 0.92–1.75 | 0.42*** | 0.34–0.53 | 0.75 | 0.16–3.65 |
Primary | 1.41*** | 1.19–1.67 | 1.56*** | 1.14–2.09 | 1.02 | 0.82–1.26 | 0.72 | 0.16–3.18 |
Secondary | 0.95 | 0.80–1.04 | 1.39*** | 1.04–1.85 | 1.50 | 1.20–1.87 | 0.77 | 0.18–3.34 |
Tertiary | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Enabling factors | ||||||||
Wealth group | ||||||||
Poor | 1.08*** | 1.01–1.16 | 0.78*** | 0.68–0.90 | 0.98 | 0.81–1.16 | 0.74 | 0.68–1.35 |
Middle income | 1.13*** | 1.05–1.21 | 0.84*** | 0.74–0.95 | 0.83 | 0.78–1.21 | 0.84 | 0.74–1.15 |
Rich | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Partner education level | ||||||||
No education | 0.81*** | 0.67–0.99 | 0.86 | 0.67–1.09 | 0.67*** | 0.51–0.87 | 1.08 | 0.34–3.38 |
Primary | 0.85*** | 0.72–0.99 | 0.94 | 0.76–1.16 | 1.11 | 0.88–1.41 | 1.03 | 0.40–2.68 |
Secondary | 0.76*** | 0.63–0.90 | 0.84 | 0.69–1.03 | 1.66*** | 1.30–2.12 | 1.14 | 0.18–2.92 |
Tertiary | 1.000 | 1.000 | 1.00 | 1.000 | ||||
Type of place of residence | ||||||||
Urban | 0.88*** | 0.83–0.95 | 1.04 | 0.92–1.16 | 0.68 | 0.53–1.15 | 1.01 | 0.82–1.13 |
Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Region | ||||||||
Northern region | 1.10*** | 1.02–1.19 | 1.09 | 0.91–1.30 | 0.82*** | 0.74–0.90 | 0.99 | 0.46–2.14 |
Central region | 0.99 | 0.93–1.05 | 1.11 | 0.99–1.24 | 1.52*** | 1.40–1.66 | 0.66 | 0.36–1.23 |
Southern region | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
Need factors | ||||||||
Ever terminated pregnancy | ||||||||
No | 0.76*** | 0.69–0.83 | 1.50*** | 1.34–1.68 | 1.31 | 1.16–1.48 | 0.71 | 0.38–1.35 |
Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||