Articles

Utilization of long-acting and permanent contraceptive methods and associated factors among married women in Adama town, Central Ethiopia: community based cross-sectional study

Long-acting and permanent contraceptive methods have clear advantages over short-acting methods of contraception that benefit both clients and health systems. Despite this importance, studies show that the pro...

Authors: Markos Desalegn, Ayele Belachew, Muluken Gizaw, Gemechu Kejela and Robsan Gudeta

Ovulation rates in a stair-step protocol with Letrozole vs clomiphene citrate in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome

To compare ovulation rates between Letrozole and Clomiphene Citrate (CC) using a stair-step protocol to achieve ovulation induction in women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS).

Authors: S. Thomas, I. Woo, J. Ho, T. Jones, R. Paulson, K. Chung and K. Bendikson

Factors affecting demand for modern contraceptives among currently married reproductive age women in rural Kebeles of Nunu Kumba district, Oromia, Ethiopia

Family planning plays a key role in improving the health of the mother and the child. Yet there are still significant levels of demand for family planning that are unmet and these can lead to unintended pregna...

Authors: Alemu Kebede, Sileshi G. Abaya, Elias Merdassa and Tariku Tesfaye Bekuma

Contraceptive use and discontinuation among women in rural North-West Tanzania

Existing estimates of contraceptive use in Tanzania rely on cross-sectional or retrospective study designs. This study used a 2-year, retrospective, month-by-month calendar of contraceptive utilization among w...

Authors: Wende Safari, Mark Urassa, Baltazar Mtenga, John Changalucha, James Beard, Kathryn Church, Basia Zaba and Jim Todd

Postabortion contraceptive use in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Although promoting postabortion family planning is very important and effective strategy to avert unwanted pregnancy, less attention was given to it in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess contraceptive ...

Authors: Anteneh Mekuria, Hordofa Gutema, Habtamu Wondiye and Million Abera

Determinants of modern contraceptive use among postpartum women in two health facilities in urban Ghana: a cross-sectional study

Postpartum contraception is important for spacing and limiting childbirth. Although the use of modern contraception has been shown to reduce maternal and child morbidities and mortalities, postpartum women hav...

Authors: Jonathan Ian Coomson and Abubakar Manu

Factors associated with long-acting family planning service utilization in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Even though the modern contraceptive use was improved in Ethiopia, the utilization of long-acting family planning services is still low because of numerous factors. The aim of this systematic review was to syn...

Authors: Tamirat Tesfaye Dasa, Teshager Worku Kassie, Aklilu Abrham Roba, Elias Bekele Wakwoya and Henna Umer Kelel

Infertility knowledge and treatment beliefs among African American women in an urban community

To assess infertility knowledge and treatment beliefs among African American women in an urban community in Atlanta, Georgia.

Authors: Ashley Wiltshire, Lynae M Brayboy, Kiwita Phillips, Roland Matthews, Fengxia Yan and Desiree McCarthy-Keith

Intrauterine lidocaine and naproxen for analgesia during intrauterine device insertion: randomized controlled trial

This study evaluates oral naproxen and intrauterine instillation of lidocaine for analgesia with intrauterine device (IUD) placement as compared to placebo.

Authors: Shana M. Miles, Katerina Shvartsman and Susan Dunlow

Maternal and community factors associated with unmet contraceptive need among childbearing women in Northern Nigeria

Unmet need for modern contraceptive remains a critical reproductive health challenge in Nigeria. Numerous studies in Nigeria and other countries have investigated the patterns, prevalence and associated factor...

Authors: Bola Lukman Solanke, Funmilola Folasade Oyinlola, Olaoye James Oyeleye and Benjamin Bukky Ilesanmi

Tribute to James Trussell (1949–2018)

Authors: Deborah Kowal

Acceptability and utilization of family planning benefits cards by youth in slums in Kampala, Uganda

This study was conducted to test the acceptability and utilization of family planning benefits cards (FPBCs) as incentives to increase family planning uptake among youth living in urban slums in Uganda.

Authors: Afra Nuwasiima, Elly Nuwamanya, Janet U. Babigumira, Robinah Nalwanga, Francis T. Asiimwe and Joseph B. Babigumira

Factors associated with long acting and permanent contraceptive methods use in Ethiopia

Long acting and permanent contraceptives methods are more effective, save cost and enable women to control their reproductive lives better. Although the Ethiopian government is promoting its use through variou...

Authors: Gedefaw Abeje Fekadu, Akinyinka O. Omigbodun, Olumuyiwa A. Roberts and Alemayehu Worku Yalew

Prevalence of unintended pregnancy and associated factors among pregnant mothers in Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Unintended pregnancy is a pregnancy that occurred when no children were desired or earlier than desired. One in three births in Ethiopia were unintended, which is major contributor to maternal morbidity and mo...

Authors: Girma Alemayehu Beyene

Cystoscopic removal of a migrated intrauterine device to the bladder; a case report

An intrauterine device (IUD) is a well-accepted means of reversible contraception. Migration of IUD to the bladder through partial or complete perforation has been rarely reported. This phenomenon could be str...

Authors: Masnoureh Vahdat, Mansoureh Gorginzadeh, Ashraf Sadat Mousavi, Elaheh Afshari and Mohammad Ali Ghaed

An application of mixed-effect models to analyse contraceptive use in Malawian women

In Malawi, the current approach to family planning using contraceptive methods is individualised, yet studies have shown that variability in contraceptive-use still remains after accounting for it at individua...

Authors: Davis James Makupe, Save Kumwenda and Lawrence Kazembe

Predictors of unmet need for family planning among all women of reproductive age in Ethiopia

Contraception is a good indicator of the extent to which couples have access to reproductive health services. Survey data on unmet need can provide overall direction by helping to pinpoint the obstacles in soc...

Authors: Afework Tadele, Dessie Abebaw and Rahma Ali

Characteristics and contraceptive outcomes of women seeking medical or surgical abortion in reproductive health clinics in Cambodia

Since the approval of medical abortion in Cambodia in 2010, the proportion of women reporting an abortion has increased. We describe the characteristics and contraceptive outcomes of women seeking medical abor...

Authors: Chris Smith, Rachel H. Scott, Caroline Free and Tansy Edwards

Suboptimal child spacing practice and its associated factors among women of child bearing age in Serbo town, JIMMA zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Birth spacing is the time gaps between two consecutive life births. Optimal spacing until the next pregnancy is the resting period that allows the mother time to recover from pregnancy, and labor. Birth interv...

Authors: Girma Bacha Ayane, Kalkidan Wondwossen Desta, Birhanu Wondimeneh Demissie, Netsanet Abera Assefa and Emebet Berhane Woldemariam

Contraceptive use among HIV-positive and negative women: implication to end unintended pregnancy

With the advancement of antiretroviral therapy and improved life expectancy, women living with HIV/AIDS are enjoying a better sexual life. Yet, the consistent utilization of contraceptive in such patients is h...

Authors: Amanual Getnet Mersha, Daniel Asfaw Erku, Sewunet Admasu Belachew, Asnakew Achaw Ayele, Begashaw Melaku Gebresillassie and Tadesse Melaku Abegaz

Prevalence and determinants of unmet need for family planning among married women in Ghana-a multinomial logistic regression analysis of the GDHS, 2014

Documentary evidence points to high unmet need for family planning across sub-Saharan Africa. Modern contraceptive use has been staggering over decades with unacceptable marginal increases given that one in th...

Authors: Joseph K. Wulifan, Jacob Mazalale, Christabel Kambala, William Angko, Job Asante, Stephen Kpinpuo and Albino Kalolo

Pre-service knowledge, perception, and use of emergency contraception among future healthcare providers in northern Ghana

Emergency contraception, if used properly, can prevent up to over 95 % of unwanted and mistimed pregnancies. However, a number of obstacle including healthcare providers knowledge, perception, and attitude tow...

Authors: Shamsudeen Mohammed, Abdul-Malik Abdulai and Osman Abu Iddrisu

Counseling on family planning during ANC service increases the likelihood of postpartum family planning use in Bahir Dar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia: a prospective follow up study

Closely spaced pregnancies within the first year postpartum increases the risk of death for both the mother and baby. Many countries recommend providing pregnant women with post-partum family planning counsell...

Authors: Tadese Ejigu Tafere, Mesganaw Fanthahun Afework and Alemayehu Worku Yalew

Pregnancy intention screening tools: a randomized trial to assess perceived helpfulness with communication about reproductive goals

Federal and clinical guidelines support integration of reproductive life planning in the care of female patients to aid in the reduction of unplanned pregnancies. A multitude of tools have been created to help...

Authors: Maureen K. Baldwin, Patricia Overcarsh, Ashlesha Patel, Lindsay Zimmerman and Alison Edelman

Assessment of women’s satisfaction with family planning service at public health facilities in Northwest Region of Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

Ethiopia is a Sub Saharan African country with an estimated contraceptive prevalence rate of 36% and 22% unmet need for family planning service among married women. Client satisfaction influences the use of Fa...

Authors: Woineshet Asrat, Teferi Mekonnen and Melkamu Bedimo

Women’s informed choice and satisfaction with immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception in Georgia

Several state Medicaid agencies have recently started reimbursing for long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) placement immediately postpartum. Women’s perspectives are critical for ensuring that this chan...

Authors: Carla L. DeSisto, Arden Handler, Sadia Haider, Rachel Caskey, Nadine Peacock, Melissa Kottke and Kristin Rankin

Prevalence of glucose intolerance and metabolic syndrome within one year following delivery of a pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes

Women with a history of gestational diabetes (GDM) are at risk for development of both overt Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) at higher rates and at earlier ages than control women. Curr...

Authors: Neetu K. Sodhi and Anita L. Nelson

“Family planning in Rwanda is not seen as population control, but rather as a way to empower the people”: examining Rwanda’s success in family planning from the perspective of public and private stakeholders

Rwanda has made significant strides in improving the health of its people, including increasing access to and use of family planning. Contraceptive use has increased from 17% to 53% in just one decade, from 20...

Authors: Hilary M. Schwandt, Seth Feinberg, Akrofi Akotiah, Tong Yuan Douville, Elliot V. Gardner, Claudette Imbabazi, Erin McQuin, Maha Mohamed, Alexis Rugoyera, Diuedonné Musemakweli, Cliff Wes Nichols, Nelly Uwajeneza Nyangezi, Joshua Serrano Arizmendi, Doopashika Welikala, Benjamin Yamuragiye and Liliana Zigo

Ovarian hormones modulate multidrug resistance transporters in the ovary

Multidrug resistance transporters (MDRs) are transmembrane proteins that efflux metabolites and xenobiotics. They are highly conserved in sequence and function in bacteria and eukaryotes and play important rol...

Authors: Lynae M Brayboy, Laura O Knapik, Sokunvichet Long, Mollie Westrick and Gary M Wessel

Ongoing barriers to immediate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception: a physician survey

Postpartum women are at risk for unintended pregnancy. Access to immediate long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) may help decrease this risk, but it is unclear how many providers in the United States rou...

Authors: Emily C. Holden, Erica Lai, Sara S. Morelli, Donald Alderson, Jay Schulkin, Neko M. Castleberry and Peter G. McGovern

Acceptability and factors associated with post-partum IUCD use among women who gave birth at bale zone health facilities, Southeast-Ethiopia

The postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices (PPIUCD) is the only family planning method for couples requesting highly effective, reliable, inexpensive, non-hormonal, immediately reversible, and long-acti...

Authors: Alemayehu Gonie, Chanyalew Worku, Tesfaye Assefa, Daniel Bogale and Alemu Girma

Task shifting levonorgestrel implant insertion to community midwife assistants in Malawi: results from a non-inferiority evaluation

In 2013, Malawi began task shifting long acting reversible contraception (LARC) insertion from Nurse Midwife Technicians (NMTs), who undergo 3 years of training, to Community Midwife Assistants (CMAs), who und...

Authors: Dylane N. Davis, Clara Lemani, Nenani Kamtuwanje, Billy Phiri, Prisca Masepuka, Sally Kuchawo, Nivedita L. Bhushan and Jennifer H. Tang

Peripheral nerve injury with Nexplanon removal: case report and review of the literature

Implantable devices offer convenient, long-acting, and reversible contraception. Injury to the peripheral nerves and blood vessels have been reported as rare complications of implantation and extraction.

Authors: Rachel Lefebvre, Marianne Hom, Hyuma Leland and Milan Stevanovic

Family planning knowledge, experiences and reproductive desires among women who had experienced a poor obstetric outcome in Lilongwe Malawi: a qualitative study

Perinatal mortality is unacceptably high in low-income countries, including Malawi. Use of family planning to encourage birth spacing may optimize outcomes for subsequent pregnancies. However, the reproductive...

Authors: Agatha Bula, Dawn M Kopp, Suzanne Maman, Lameck Chinula, Mercy Tsidya and Jennifer H Tang

Of mosquitoes and men: mitigating Zika risk via Men’s family planning and male contraception

Outbreaks of mosquito-borne viral illnesses commonly occur after storms. As storms are predicted to worsen in intensity and frequency, mosquito-borne viruses, including the Zika virus are expected to spread, a...

Authors: Brian T. Nguyen and Robyn Schickler

Factors associated with contraceptive use among young women in Malawi: analysis of the 2015–16 Malawi demographic and health survey data

Although Malawi is one of the countries with highest Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR) in Sub–Saharan Africa, pregnancies and fertility among young women remain high. This suggests low up take of contracepti...

Authors: Chrispin Mandiwa, Bernadetta Namondwe, Andrew Makwinja and Collins Zamawe

State of emergency contraception in the U.S., 2018

Emergency contraception is indicated in instances of unprotected sexual intercourse, including reproductive coercion, sexual assault, and contraceptive failure. It plays a role in averting unintended pregnanci...

Authors: Kristin O. Haeger, Jacqueline Lamme and Kelly Cleland

Postpartum fertility behaviours and contraceptive use among women in rural Ghana

Although most women would want to wait for more than two years before having another baby, their fertility behaviours during the first year following birth may decrease or increase the length of the birth inte...

Authors: Sebastian Kofi Eliason, Ansumana Sandy Bockarie and Cecilia Eliason

Missed opportunities in family planning: process evaluation of family planning program in Omo Nada district, Oromia region, Ethiopia

Family planning (FP) program is a key program to avert unbalanced human population growth, maternal mortality, unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, sexually transmitted diseases and malnutrition. To address ...

Authors: Misganu Endriyas, Tefera Belachew and Berhane Megerssa

Return of fertility after discontinuation of contraception: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Along with increasing availability and utilization of contraception, It is also important to confirm that the effects of contraception use on resumption of fertility after discontinuation However currently evi...

Authors: Tadele Girum and Abebaw Wasie

Use of effective family planning methods and frequency of sex among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected African women

Frequency of sex, contraceptive use and HIV infection are key determinants of fertility. Use of an effective family planning (EFP) method (injectable, oral, intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUCD), or Norpla...

Authors: Jim Aizire, Sufia Dadabhai, Frank Taulo, Bonus Makanani, Luis Gadama, Jin Sun, Amy Tsui and Taha E. Taha

Determinants of unmet need for family planning among married women of reproductive age in Burundi: a cross-sectional study

High unmet need for family planning (32.4%) characterized Burundi in 2010. However, there has not been any study examining the relationship between unmet need and associated factors in Burundi. The present stu...

Authors: Athanase Nzokirishaka and Imose Itua

Use and discontinuation of intrauterine contraceptive device in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana

The intrauterine contraceptive device is one of the modern long-acting and reversible contraception that is very safe and effective. Yet, less than 2 % of women are using intrauterine devices in Ghana. This st...

Authors: Fred Yao Gbagbo and Esinam Afi Kayi

Prevalence and factors influencing modern contraceptive use among HIV-positive women in Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania

Mother-to-Child-Transmission (MTCT) of HIV is still a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. The region has a high unmet need for family planning and high unplanned pregnancy rates among HIV-positive wom...

Authors: Damian J. Damian, Johnston M. George, Erick Martin, Beatrice Temba and Sia E. Msuya

High parity predicts use of long-acting reversible contraceptives in the extended postpartum period among women in rural Uganda

The use of implants and Intra-uterine devices (IUD) during the post-partum period is very low in Uganda especially in rural settings. Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC) are known to be the most cost-...

Authors: Ronald Anguzu, Hassard Sempeera and Juliet N. Sekandi

Postpartum intrauterine device placement: a patient-friendly option

Women in the United States are increasingly choosing an intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception. Since the postpartum period is an important time to consider a patient’s need for contraception, offering po...

Authors: Carrie Cwiak and Sarah Cordes

A comparison of combined oral contraceptives containing chlormadinone acetate versus drospirenone for the treatment of acne and dysmenorrhea: a randomized trial

Oral contraceptives (OCs), aside from contraceptive efficacy, have been widely known for their non-contraceptive benefits. Different progestogens component of the OCs have been shown to improve the skin, hair,...

Authors: Unnop Jaisamrarn and Somsook Santibenchakul

Pregnant or recently pregnant opioid users: contraception decisions, perceptions and preferences

Multiple factors are linked to extremely high unintended pregnancy rates among women who use opioids, including various barriers to contraception adherence. These include patient level barriers such as lack of...

Authors: Rebecca L. Fischbein, Bethany G. Lanese, Lynn Falletta, Kelsey Hamilton, Jennifer A. King and Deric R. Kenne

Unconscionable: how the U.S. Supreme Court’s jurisprudence lags behind the world when it comes to contraception and conscience

U.S. Supreme Court jurisprudence undermines access to contraception by permitting individuals, institutions, and even corporations to claim religious objections to ensuring contraceptive insurance coverage, th...

Authors: Aram A. Schvey and Claire Kim

Family planning use and its associated factors among women in the extended postpartum period in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Postpartum period is an important entry point for family planning service provision; however, women in Ethiopia are usually uncertain about the use of family planning methods during this period. Limited studie...

Authors: Almaz Yirga Gebremedhin, Yigzaw Kebede, Abebaw Addis Gelagay and Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu