Contraception need and available services among incarcerated women in the United States: a systematic review

Table 3 Summary describing the contraceptive need in American women’s carceral system (key question 1)

Reference and Year	Describes prevalence of unintended pregnancy	Evaluates abortion prevalence	Assesses preincarceration contraception utilization	Evaluates desire to use contraception	Reports prevalence with access to health-care provider	Estimates who is at risk for pregnancy post-release ^a
Clarke et al., 2006^b	↑	↑	↑			↑
Clarke et al., 2006^c	↑	↑	↑	↑		↑
Clarke et al., 2006^d	↑	↑	↑
Hale et al., 2009			↑	↑	↑	↑
LaRochelle et al., 2012		↑	↑	↑	↑
Cannon et al., 2018		↑	↑	↑		↑
Ghidei, Ramos, Brousseau, & Clarke, 2018	↑
Total (%)	4/7 (57)	5/7 (71)	6/7 (86)	5/7 (71)	2/7 (29)	2/7 (29)

^a At-risk for pregnancy is defined as women of reproductive age with a uterus, having intercourse with men and not already using a highly effective form of contraception as defined by the World Health Organization (intrauterine device, subdermal implant, or tubal sterilization)
^b Reproductive Health Care and Family Planning Needs Among Incarcerated Women [7]
^c Pregnancy and Contraceptive Attitudes Among Women Entering Jail [8]
^d Improving Birth Control Service Utilization by Offering Prerelease Vs. Postincarceration [9]

ISSN: 2055-7426