Table 2 Multi-variable multilevel logistic regression analysis results of both individual-level and community-level factors associated with modern contraceptive use among young women in Ethiopia

Individual level factors

 Age in years

15–19

Reff

0.76 (0.55, 1.04)

0.78 (0.57, 1.08)

20–24

Reff

Reff

 Educational level

no education

0.59 (0.30, 1.16)

0.73 (0.36, 1.44)

primary

1.23 (0.70, 2.22)

1.27 (0.71, 2.27)

secondary

1.58 (0.86, 2.92)

1.55 (0.84, 2.86)

higher

Reff

Reff

 Wealth status

poorest

0.46 (0.25, 0.85)

0.54 (0.26, 1.11)

poorer

0.90 (0.50, 1.60)

0.85 (0.44, 1.66)

middle

1.29 (0.7, 2.27)

1.16 (0.62, 2.18)

richer

0.85 (0.52, 1.39)

0.76 (0.44, 1.30)

richest

Reff

Reff

 Marital status

married

17.94 (12.23, 26.27)

18.5 (12.66, 27.27)

Not married

Reff

Reff

 Family size

Less than 5

Reff

Reff

5 and above

0.44 (0.33, 0.59)

0.46 (0.34, 0.62)

 Parity

None

Reff

Reff

One and above

4.79 (1.27, 18.08)

4.82 (1.27, 18.32)

 Number of living children

None

Reff

Reff

One and above

0.86 (0.23, 3.19)

0.75 (0.19, 2.80)

 Women gave birth in the past 3 years

None

Reff

Reff

One and above

0.75 (0.47, 1.18)

0.84 (0.53, 1.34)

 Son (s) present at home

None

Reff

Reff

One and above

1.35 (0.85, 2.16)

1.47 (0.91, 2.38)

 Daughter (s) present at home

None

Reff

Reff

One and above

2.27 (1.45, 3.55)

2.45 (1.55, 3.86)

 Household has TV

Yes

2.20 (1.33, 3.62)

2.39 (1.43, 3.99)

No

Reff

Reff

 Household has radio

Yes

1.37 (1.01, 1.86)

1.43 (1.05, 1.94)

No

Reff

Reff

Community level factors

 Place of residence

Urban

Reff

Reff

Rural

0.82 (0.50, 1.34)

0.96 (0.48, 1.91)

 Region

Tigray

1.79 (0.78, 4.10)

1.28 (0.43, 3.84)

Afar

1.04 (0.27, 4.00)

0.34 (0.06, 1.80)

Amhara

2.88 (1.32, 6.29)

2.81 (0.99, 7.94)

Oromia

1.78 (0.83, 3.80)

0.99 (0.36, 2.73)

Somali

0.09 (0.02, 0.37)

0.05 (0.01, 0.32)

Benishangul

1.93 (0.60, 6.21)

1.22 (0.24, 6.13)

SNNPR

2.25 (1.01, 5.04)

1.60 (0.54, 4.72)

Gambela

2.68 (0.62, 11.58)

0.96 (0.13, 6.92)

Harari

0.88 (0.11, 6.70)

0.42 (0.03, 6.63)

Addis Ababa

Reff

Reff

Dire Dawa

0.87 (0.22, 3.50)

0.53 (0.09, 3.23)

 Proportion of Muslims in the cluster

High

1.07 (0.70, 1.62)

0.73 (0.42, 1.25)

Low

Reff

Reff

 Community-level education

High

0.74 (0.51, 1.06)

1.15 (0.70, 1.88)

Low

Reff

Reff

 Community-level wealth

High

1.16 (0.77, 1.3)

1.04 (0.58, 1.85)

Low

Reff

Reff

Random effect

Variance

0.85

0.69

0.35

0.06

ICC

0.29

0.24

0.20

0.17

MOR

2.38

2.15

1.53

0.63

PCV

Reff

0.19

0.59

0.93

Model Comparison

LLR

-1624

-925

-1599

897

Deviance

3.248

1,850

3,198

1794