Table 4 Factors associated with modern contraceptive use among All and HIV-positive women (n = 13,293)

HIV-status awareness

 Negative/Positive and unaware

Reference

Reference

 Positive and aware

0.61(0.50–0.76) ***

0.67(0.53–0.84) ***

Currently on ART

 No

Reference

Reference

 Yes

1.74(1.23–2.48) ***

1.85(1.27–2.71) ***

Age categories

 15–24

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 25–34

1.00(0.89–1.12)

1.02(0.88–1.19)

1.62(0.96–2.73)

0.86(0.47–1.56)

 35–49

0.53(0.42–0.66)

0.57(0.48–0.67) ***

0.99(0.60–1.64)

0.47(0.25–0.88) **

Education level

 No formal education

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Primary education

1.47(1.28–1.70) ***

1.70(1.46–1.98) ***

2.05(1.28–3.29) ***

2.03(1.22–3.37) ***

 Secondary + 

0.92(0.78–1.08)

1.71(1.41–2.09) ***

1.33(0.71–2.52)

1.60(0.80–3.23)

Marital status

 Never married

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 Married/living with partner

4.51(3.93–5.18) ***

1.29(1.07–1.55) ***

2.69(1.54–4.70) ***

1.39(0.71–2.74)

 Divorced/Widow/Sep

3.21(2.68–3.83) ***

0.99(0.80–1.23)

1.47(0.82–2.64)

0.89(0.45–1.79)

Number of sexual partners

 None

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 only one

1.72(1.49–1.98) ***

1.63(1.41–1.88) ***

2.00(1.29–3.08) ***

1.79(1.12–2.86) ***

 more than one

1.61(1.31–1.97) ***

1.75(1.42–2.16) ***

1.17(0.66–2.09)

1.43(0.75–2.74)

Number of pregnancies

 None

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

 1–2

8.81(7.19–10.78) ***

3.62(2.88–4.54) ***

1.65(0.64–2.65) ***

3.43(1.26–9.33) ***

 3 + 

9.17(7.55–11.15) ***

5.15(3.97–6.64) ***

2.01(1.10–3.07) ***

6.52(2.47–17.18) ***

Residence

 Urban

Reference

Reference

 Rural

0.92(0.84–1.01)

0.89(0.77–1.02)

Household wealth

 Low

Reference

Reference

 High

1.06(0.966–1.17)

1.08(0.94–1.23)