Table 4 Multivariable multilevel logistic regression analysis result of both individual and community-level factors associated with unmet need for family planning in Uganda, UDHS 2016

Place of residence

 Urban

1

1

 Rural

1.38(1.21, 1.58)

1.05(0.92, 1.21)

Region

 Kampala

1

1

 South Buganda

0.745(0.57, 0.98)

0.72(0.55, 0.95)*

 North Buganda

0.95(0.73, 1.25)

0.83(0.63, 1.09)

 Busoga

1.56(1.19, 2.04)

1.28(0.98, 1.69)

 Bukedi

1.15(0.86, 1.52)

0.92(0.69, 1.23)

 Bugisu

1.02(0.76, 1.37)

0.86(0.64, 1.17)

 Teso

1.59(1.20, 2.10)

1.27(0.95, 1.70)

 Karamoja

0.71(0.51, 0.98)

0.46(0.33, 0.65)***

Lango

1.15(0.86, 1.53)

0.86(0.64, 1.16)

 Acholi

2.04(1.54, 2.70)

1.49(1.11, 1.99)**

 West Nile

2.43(1.84, 3.20)

1.86(1.39, 2.47)***

 Bunyoro

1.13(0.85, 1.49)

0.88(0.66, 1.18)

 Tooro

1.01(0.76, 1.34)

0.85(0.64, 1.14)

 Ankole

0.85(0.64, 1.13)

0.71(0.53, 0.95)*

 Kigezi

0.71(0.52 0.96)

0.64(0.46, 0.88)**

Age of the respondents

 15–19 years

1

1

 20–24 years

0.93(0.79, 1.11)

0.94(0.79, 1.11)

 25–49 years

0.84(0.71, 0.99)

0.84(0.72, 0.99)*

Educational status of women

 No education

1

1

 Primary

0.92(0.81, 1.05)

0.81(0.71, 0.93)**

 Secondary

0.81(0.68, 0.96)

0.71(0.59, 0.84)***

 Higher

0.80(0.63, 1.02)

0.69(0.54, 0.88)**

Religion

 Anglican

1

1

 Catholic

1.13(1.01, 1.23)

1.10(0.99, 1.23)

 Muslim

1.34(1.16, 1.56)

1.20(1.03, 1.39)*

 Seventh Day Adventist

1.01(0.71, 1.44)

1.06(0.75, 1.51)

 Pentecostal/Born Again/Evangelical

1.19(1.04, 1.38)

1.21(1.05, 1.39)**

 Other⁺

1.24(0.87, 1.78)

1.27(0.89, 1.80)

Wealth status

 Poor

1

1

 Middle

0.85(0.76, 0.96)

0.93(0.83, 1.05)

 High

0.64(0.57, 0.72)

0.73(0.64, 0.82)***

Exposure to media (Radio, TV, magazine, news, text)

 No

1

1

 Yes

0.91(0.82, 0.99)

0.92(0.84, 1.01)

Living child with the current pregnancy

  < 5

1

1

  >  = 5

1.75(1.57, 1.95)

1.69(1.51, 1.88)***

Age at first marriage

  < 15 years

1

1

 15–24 years

0.99(0.89, 1.10)

1.01(0.91, 1.13)

  > 24 years

0.99(0.82, 1.20)

1.03(0.85, 1.25)

Random effects

 Community level variance with (SE)

0.222(0.028)

0.126(0.058)

0.066(0.019)

0.035(0.018)

 p-value

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 < 0.0001

 ICC (%)

6.34

3.69

1.98

1.05

 PCV-Explained variation

Reference

0.43

0.70

0.84

 MOR

1.56

1.40

1.28

1.19

Model Fitness

 Log-likelihood (LL)

-7179.43

-6641.73

-7055.98

-6554.76

 DIC (-2LL)

14,358.86

13,283.46

14,111.96

13,109.52

 AIC

14,362.86

13,319.46

14,145.96

13,175.52

 BIC

14,377.67

13,451.51

14,271.81

13,417.61

Multicollinearity

 VIF

1.12

1.00

1.16